CNC automatic lathe|What are the main contents of the analysis of CNC lathe processing technology
The processing technology of CNC lathes and ordinary lathes is similar, except that CNC lathes can automatically complete the processing actions through the processing program. Whether the processing technology is formulated is reasonable, which has a very important influence on the programming of the processing program, the processing efficiency of the lathe, and the processing accuracy of the workpiece. The following will briefly introduce the content of CNC lathe processing technology analysis.
1. Analysis of workpiece drawings
The analysis of the workpiece drawing is the primary task of formulating the processing technology, which mainly includes the geometric elements of the workpiece contour, the size marking method, the precision and the technical requirements, etc. for analysis. When performing automatic programming, it is necessary to define all geometric elements of the contour of the workpiece. When analyzing the drawing of the workpiece, it is necessary to confirm whether the given conditions of the geometric elements are sufficient. The size marking method on the workpiece drawing should be adapted to the processing characteristics of the CNC lathe, and the size should be marked with the same reference or the coordinate size should be given. It is necessary to analyze the accuracy and technology of the workpiece to be processed. Only by analyzing the dimensional accuracy and surface roughness of the workpiece, can the fixture, cutting tool and cutting amount be reasonably selected.
2. The choice of fixture
In addition to general hydraulic chucks, pneumatic chucks, three-jaw chucks, and four-jaw chucks, the fixtures of CNC lathes can also be used with a variety of special fixtures with better versatility. For shaft workpieces, the positioning is usually carried out on the outer cylindrical surface of the workpiece itself, while for sleeve workpieces, the positioning is carried out by the inner hole. In the actual operation process, we can choose the appropriate fixture according to the type of workpiece.
3. Selection of tools
The service life of the tool is not only related to the material of the tool, but also has a great relationship with the diameter of the tool. The larger the diameter of the tool, the greater the amount of cutting it can withstand. Therefore, if the shape of the workpiece allows it, try to choose a tool with a larger diameter, which can prolong the service life of the tool and increase the production efficiency.
4. Selection of cutting amount
Choosing a reasonable cutting amount is the key to improving the machining quality of CNC lathes. When determining the cutting amount of the lathe, you need to choose according to the requirements in the lathe manual and the durability of the tool. Generally, when roughing, the rigidity of the lathe needs to be considered first. Under the condition that the rigidity of the lathe allows, try to choose a larger back-cutting amount, and then choose a larger feed amount, and then determine the appropriateness according to the life of the tool Cutting speed. When finishing machining, it is necessary to focus on how to ensure the machining quality, and on this basis to improve the machining efficiency as much as possible, so it is necessary to choose a smaller back-cutting amount and feed rate to increase the machining speed.
5. Divide the process
There are two ways to divide the processing steps. One is according to the accuracy of machining. The machining of CNC lathes can be divided into rough machining and finishing according to the machining accuracy. Usually, rough machining is performed first, then finishing, and machining is performed according to different CNC lathes and tools. The second is the clamping and positioning of the workpiece. According to the technical requirements and structural differences of each workpiece, different processing procedures can be divided according to the positioning method. Generally, the internal positioning is based on the shape of the workpiece, and the external positioning is based on the processing requirements of the workpiece.
6. Determine the processing sequence
The datum surface comes first. When machining on a CNC lathe, you must first select the surface to be used for the precision datum. The more accurate the surface of the positioning datum, the smaller the clamping error. First roughing and then finishing, according to the order of roughing, semi-finishing and finishing, gradually improve the processing accuracy of the surface of the workpiece and reduce the roughness of the surface of the workpiece. Near first, then far, usually the part that is close to the tool point is processed first, and the part that is far away from the tool point is processed later. This can shorten the moving distance of the tool and reduce the time consumed by the idle stroke. When the inner and outer surfaces are crossed, and the workpiece to be processed has both an outer surface and an inner surface, it is necessary to perform the rough machining of the inner and outer surfaces first, and then perform the finish machining of the inner and outer surfaces.
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